PD ISO/PAS 21448:2019 道路车辆.预期功能的安全性
PD ISO/PAS 21448:2019 Road vehicles — Safety of the intended functionalityThe safety of road vehicles during their operation phase is of paramount concern for the road vehicles
industry. Recent years have seen a large increase in the number of advanced functionalities included
in vehicles. These rely on sensing, processing of complex algorithms and actuation implemented by
electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems.
An acceptable level of safety for road vehicles requires the avoidance of unreasonable risk caused by
every hazard associated with the intended functionality and its implementation, especially those not
due to failures, e.g. due to performance limitations. ISO 26262-1 defines the vehicle safety as the absence
of unreasonable risks that arise from malfunctions of the E/E system. ISO 26262-3 specifies a Hazard
Analysis and Risk Assessment to determine vehicle level hazards. This evaluates the potential risks due
to malfunctioning behaviour of the item and enables the definition of top-level safety requirements,
i.e. the safety goals, necessary to mitigate the risks. The other parts of the ISO 26262 series provide
requirements and recommendations to avoid and control random hardware failures and systematic
failures that could violate safety goals.
For some systems, which rely on sensing the external or internal environment, there can be potentially
hazardous behaviour caused by the intended functionality or performance limitation of a system that is
free from the faults addressed in the ISO 26262 series. Examples of such limitations include:
— The inability of the function to correctly comprehend the situation and operate safely; this also
includes functions that use machine learning algorithms;
— Insufficient robustness of the function with respect to sensor input variations or diverse
environmental conditions.
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